Nā Kuʻuna a me nā ʻano o ka helu helu helu e ka Liquid Chromatography

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mīkini hoʻokaʻawale o ka chromatography wai ma ka ʻokoʻa o ka pili o nā mea i loko o ka hui ʻana no nā pae ʻelua.

E like me nā ʻāpana kū ʻokoʻa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka chromatography wai i ka chromatography wai-paʻa, chromatography wai-wai a me ka chromatography i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.ʻO ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻia he chromatography wai-paʻa me ka silica gel e like me ka hoʻopiha a me ka chromatography hoʻopaʻa paʻa me ka microsilica e like me ka matrix.

E like me ke ʻano o ka manawa paʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka chromatography wai i ka chromatography kolamu, chromatography pepa a me ka chromatography layer thin.Wahi a ka mana adsorption, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography a me gel permeation chromatography.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana kahe wai kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻōnaehana chromatography kolamu wai e hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki i ka pae paʻa ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe-efficiency (i ʻike ʻia ʻo high-pressure) wai chromatography. ua puka mai.

MAHELE
01 Ke Kumu o ka Ana'ana Nui o Liquid Chromatography

No ka helu ʻana ma ke kumu o ka qualitative, pono nā mea maʻemaʻe e like me nā kūlana;

ʻO ka helu chromatography wai he ʻano quantitative: ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka analyte i loko o ka hui ʻana ua manaʻo ʻia mai kahi nui i ʻike ʻia o ka laʻana maʻamau maʻemaʻe.

MAHELE
02 Ke kumu no ka helu ʻana e ka Liquid Chromatography

ʻO ka nui o ka mea i ana ʻia (W) e like me ka helu pane (A) (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe), W=f×A.

Ka helu hoʻoponopono nui (f): ʻO ia ke kūlike mau o ka helu helu helu, a ʻo kona ʻano kino ka nui o ka mea ana i hōʻike ʻia e ka helu pane ʻāpana (wahi kiʻekiʻe).

Hiki ke loaʻa ka helu hoʻoponopono nui mai ka nui i ʻike ʻia o ka hāpana maʻamau a me kāna waiwai pane.

E ana i ka waiwai pane o ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia, a hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ka ʻāpana e ka helu hoʻoponopono quantitative.

MAHELE
03 Nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau i ka anana quantitative

Laʻana (laʻana): he hopena i loaʻa kahi analyte no ka nānā ʻana i nā chromatographic.Māhele ʻia i nā laʻana maʻamau a ʻike ʻole ʻia.

Kūlana: He huahana maʻemaʻe me ka ʻike ʻike.ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka laʻana (ʻike ʻole): ʻO ka hui ʻana e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka manaʻo.

Kaumaha laʻana: ʻO ke kaupaona kumu o ka hāpana e hoʻāʻo ʻia.

Dilution: ʻO ke kumu hoʻoheheʻe o ka hāpana ʻike ʻole.

Component : ka piko chromatographic e nānā nui ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka analyte i ʻike ʻole ʻia kona ʻike.

Ka nui o ka mea (nui): ka maʻiʻo (a i ʻole ka manaʻo) o ka mea e hoʻāʻo ʻia.

Integerity : ʻO ke kaʻina hana helu no ke ana ʻana i ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o kahi piko chromatographic e ke kamepiula.

Kānāwai Calibration: He ʻōniʻoniʻo laina o ka maʻiʻo ʻāpana me ka waiwai pane, i hoʻokumu ʻia mai kahi nui i ʻike ʻia o ka mea maʻamau, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka ʻike ʻike ʻole o ka analyte.

MAHELE
04 Ka Anana Nui o Liquid Chromatography

1. E koho i ke ano chromatographic i kupono no ka anana quantitative:

l E hōʻoia i ka piko o ka mea i ʻike ʻia a hoʻokō i kahi hoʻonā (R) ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5

l E hoʻoholo i ka kūlike (maʻemaʻe) o nā piko chromatographic o nā mea i ho'āʻoʻia

l E hoʻoholo i ka palena ʻike a me ka palena helu o ke ʻano;sensitivity a me ka laina laina

2. E hoʻokumu i kahi ʻāpana calibration me nā laʻana maʻamau o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole

3. E nānā i ka pololei a me ka pololei o nā ʻano quantitative

4. E hoʻohana i ka lako polokalamu hoʻokele chromatography e hoʻokō i ka hōʻiliʻili laʻana, ka hoʻoili ʻikepili a me ka hōʻike i nā hopena

MAHELE
05 Ka ʻike ʻana o nā peaks quantitative (qualitative)

E ʻike pono i kēlā me kēia peak chromatographic e helu ʻia

ʻO ka mua, e hoʻohana i ka laʻana maʻamau e hoʻoholo i ka manawa paʻa (Rt) o ka piko chromatographic e helu ʻia.Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manawa paʻa, e ʻimi i ka ʻāpana e pili ana i kēlā me kēia peak chromatographic i ka hāpana ʻike ʻole.ʻO ke ʻano chromatographic qualitative ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manawa paʻa me ka laʻana maʻamau.ʻAʻole lawa ka paehōʻoia hou (kualita)

1. Keʻano hoʻohui maʻamau

2. E hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i ka manawa like: nā ʻano chromatographic ʻē aʻe (e hoʻololi i ke ʻano, e like me: me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kolamu chromatographic ʻokoʻa), nā mea ʻike ʻē aʻe (PDA: hoʻohālikelike spectrum, huli hale waihona kikoʻī; MS: ka nānā ʻana o ka spectrum nui, huli hale waihona spectrum)

3. Nā mea hana a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe

MAHELE
06 Hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ka Quantitative Peak Consistency

E hōʻoia i ke kūlike o ka chromatographic peak (maʻemaʻe)

E hōʻoia i hoʻokahi wale nō mea i ana ʻia ma lalo o kēlā me kēia peak chromatographic

E nānā no ke keakea ʻana mai nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (nā haumia)

Nā ʻano no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kūlike o ka Chromatographic Peak (Purity)

Hoʻohālikelike i nā Spectrograms me nā Photodiode Matrix (PDA) Detectors

ʻIke Maʻemaʻe Peak

2996 Ka Manao Koko Maʻemaʻe

Nā ʻano hana nui i hoʻohana mau ʻia ma PART 07

ʻO ke ʻano curve maʻamau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano maʻamau o waho a me ke ʻano maʻamau o loko:

1. Keʻano maʻamau o waho: hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka chromatography wai

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano o nā laʻana maʻamau o nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laʻana maʻemaʻe o nā pūhui e hoʻāʻo ʻia e like me nā laʻana maʻamau.hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kolamu a hiki i kona waiwai pane (wahi kiʻekiʻe).
I loko o kekahi laulā, aia kahi pilina laina maikaʻi ma waena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hāpana maʻamau a me ka waiwai pane, ʻo ia hoʻi W= f×A, a ua hana ʻia kahi pihi maʻamau.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻokolohua like, e hoʻokomo i ka hāpana ʻike ʻole e loaʻa ka waiwai pane o ka mea e ana ʻia.E like me ka coefficient i ʻike ʻia f , hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana e ana ʻia.

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o ke ʻano maʻamau o waho:ka hana maʻalahi a me ka helu ʻana, he ʻano hana quantitative maʻamau ia;ʻaʻole pono e ʻike ʻia a eluted kēlā me kēia ʻāpana;koi 'ia ka la'ana ma'amau;pono e kūlike nā kūlana ana o ka hāpana maʻamau a me ka hāpana ʻike ʻole;pono e pololei ka nui o ka injection.

ʻO nā hemahema o ke ʻano maʻamau o waho:Pono nā kūlana hoʻokolohua e kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka naʻau o ka mea ʻike, ka kahe kahe, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pae kelepona ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi;ʻO ka nui o kēlā me kēia injection e loaʻa i ka hana hou maikaʻi.

2. Keʻano maʻamau o loko: pololei, akā pilikia, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano maʻamau

Hoʻohui ʻia ka nui i ʻike ʻia o ka maʻamau kūloko i ka maʻamau e hana i kahi maʻamau i hui pū ʻia, a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hana hana o ka ʻike ʻike.ʻAʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka ratio molar o ka maʻamau i ka maʻamau i loko o ka maʻamau hui ʻia.E hoʻokomo i loko o ke kolamu chromatographic a lawe (kahi laʻana maʻamau maʻamau / ʻāpana kikoʻī maʻamau i loko) ma ke ʻano he pane.E like me ka pilina laina ma waena o ka waiwai pane a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pae hana, ʻo ia hoʻi W= f×A, ua hana ʻia kahi pihi maʻamau.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o ka maʻamau kūloko i ka hāpana ʻike ʻole a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kolamu no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai pane o ka mea e ana ʻia.E like me ka coefficient i ʻike ʻia f , hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana e ana ʻia.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano maʻamau kūloko:I ka wā o ka hana, ua hui pū ʻia ka hāpana a me ka maʻamau kūloko a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kolamu chromatographic, no laila e like me ka lōʻihi o ka ratio o ka nui o ka mea i ana ʻia i ka maʻamau kūloko i loko o ka hopena hui pū ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka leo hāpana. ʻaʻole e pili i nā hopena quantitative..Hoʻopau ke ʻano maʻamau o loko i ka mana o ka leo hāpana, a me ka pae kelepona a me ka mea ʻike, no laila ʻoi aku ka pololei ma mua o ke ʻano maʻamau o waho.

MAHELE
08 Nā mea e pili ana i nā hualoaʻa helu helu

Hiki ke kumu o ka pololei ole ma muli o:

ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hue laʻana, ka laʻana a i ʻole ka solvent volatilization, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka laʻana hewa, nā pilikia hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hewa ka hoʻomākaukau maʻamau o loko.

ʻO nā kumu kūpono no ka pololei ʻole:

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka piko kūpono ʻole, nā pilikia i hoʻopili ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia injector, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea haumia i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka laʻana, nā pilikia chromatographic, ka pane ʻike degraded.